Level of chloride usually mirror that of sodium, and is commonly found as sodium-chloride (NaCl). May also be raised in thrombocytosis and leukocytosis due to leakage of potassium during clotting.Ĭhloride (Cl-) – major extracellular anion important in maintaining electroneutrality and acid-base status. May be spuriously raised in sample haemolysis, delays in centrifugation, K-EDTA contamination. It is also important in acid-base balance. Small changes in potassium can therefore affect cardiac rhythm. Potassium is therefore critical for propagation of action potentials for muscle contraction and neurotransmitter release. Potassium (K+) – major intracellular cation important in maintaining membrane resting potential. Can be underestimated in patients with high total protein or lipids. Imbalances can result in changes in blood pressure, fluid overload (oedema), seizures, delirium and coma/death. Sodium (Na+) – major extracellular cation critical in maintaining fluid balance and plasma volume. Electrolytes contribute to serum osmolality. It is also useful in the investigation of acid-base disturbances (usually alongside an arterial blood gas).
A urea and electrolyte (U&E) panel is commonly used to assess renal function and fluid and electrolyte status.
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